Recent questions in DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Write SQL command for following i)Create user ii) Grant privileges to user. Iii) Remove privileges from user.
Answer : Of course. Here are the SQL commands for creating a user, granting privileges, and removing privileges, along with explanations and examples. These commands fall under **DCL (Data Control Language)** and are ... ), but any attempt to `INSERT` a new row will result in a "permission denied" error....

Write a PL/SQL program to calculate factorial of a given number.
Answer : Of course. Here is a complete PL/SQL program to calculate the factorial of a number, including detailed explanations and examples of how to run it. A factorial of a non-negative integer `n`, denoted by `n!`, is the ... ----------------- PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. ```...

i) Write a command to create table student(RNO,name marks, dept) with proper datatypes and RNo as primary key ii) Write a command to create and drop sequence.
Answer : Of course. Here are the commands and explanations for creating a table and managing a sequence. --- ### i) Command to Create a `student` Table This command will create a table named `student` ... Once dropped, the sequence cannot be recovered, and any code that refers to it will produce an error....

Explain recovery techniques with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a detailed explanation of database recovery techniques, starting with the foundational concept of the transaction log and then moving to specific techniques with a complete example. --- ... from `T2` are present, and the uncommitted changes from `T3` have been completely removed....

State the use of database trigger and also list types of trigger.
Answer : Of course. Here is a clear explanation of the use of database triggers and a list of their different types. --- ### The Use of a Database Trigger A **database trigger** is a ... instead of* the original DML statement, allowing you to define custom logic for updating complex, non-updatable views....

Explain cursor with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a detailed explanation of a cursor in SQL/PL/SQL, including its purpose, a step-by-step lifecycle, and a complete, practical example. --- ### What is a Cursor? A ... resources that were allocated to the cursor's result set. This is a crucial step for good resource management....

List the SQL operations and explain range searching operations between and pattern matching operator ‘like’ with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a comprehensive overview of SQL operations, followed by a detailed explanation of the `BETWEEN` and `LIKE` operators with examples. --- ### List of SQL Operations (Categories) SQL ... alternative to using two separate comparisons with `AND` (e.g., `price >= 50 AND price ...

State difference between relational and hierarchical model.
Answer : Of course. Here is a clear, point-by-point comparison of the Relational Model and the Hierarchical Model, two fundamentally different ways of structuring a database. --- ### ... handle diverse and evolving data relationships makes it the standard for almost all modern database applications....

Explain exception handling in PL/SQL with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a comprehensive explanation of exception handling in PL/SQL, complete with its purpose, structure, types of exceptions, and a detailed, practical example. --- ### What is Exception Handling? **Exception Handling** is a powerful ... ------------------------------------ ```...

Explain any four aggregate functions with example.
Answer : Of course. Here are four of the most common and essential aggregate functions used in SQL, complete with their definitions, syntax, and practical examples. --- ### Introduction to Aggregate Functions An **aggregate function ... | 1200.00 | | Apparel | 75.00 | | Kitchen | NULL |...

State and explain 2NF with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a clear and detailed explanation of Second Normal Form (2NF), complete with its rule and a step-by-step example. --- ### Introduction Second Normal Form (2NF) ... the entire composite key. * The data redundancy and the update/insertion/deletion anomalies have been eliminated....

Explain PL/SQL block structure with the help of diagram.
Answer : Of course. Here is a detailed explanation of the PL/SQL block structure, complete with a diagram, a breakdown of its components, and a practical example. --- ### What is a ... exception. Control immediately jumps to the `EXCEPTION` section, and the corresponding error message is printed instead....

Write and explain syntax for creating view with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a detailed explanation of how to create a view in SQL, complete with syntax, an explanation of its components, and a practical, step-by-step example. --- ### What is a ... underlying `JOIN` between `Customers` and `Orders`. They are working with a simple, clean, virtual table....

Explain difference between delete and truncate command with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a detailed explanation of the differences between the `DELETE` and `TRUNCATE` commands in SQL, which are both used to remove data from a table but operate in fundamentally different ... ` the operation. (e.g., clearing out a temporary staging table before loading new data)....

Explain overall structure of DBMS with the help of diagram.
Answer : Diagram : ![][1] [1]: https://computer-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=18268861302134261424...

State any four PL/SQL data types.
Answer : Of course. PL/SQL supports a wide range of data types, which can be categorized into scalar, composite, reference, and large object (LOB) types. Here are four of the most common and fundamental scalar data types used in PL/SQL, ... eligible for a bonus.'); END IF; END; / ```...

Write syntax for creating synonyms with example
Answer : Of course. Here is a detailed explanation of the syntax for creating synonyms in SQL, including their purpose, types, and practical examples. --- ### What is a Synonym? A **Synonym** is an ... A DBA would be needed to drop a public synonym: ```sql DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM all_employees; ```...

List DCL commands.
Answer : Of course. Here is a list of the Data Control Language (DCL) commands, complete with their purpose, syntax, and examples. --- ### Introduction to DCL **Data Control Language (DCL)** is ... | To explicitly forbid a permission, overriding any grants. | `DENY DELETE ON Customers TO intern_user;` |...

State any two E.F. Codd’s rule for RDBMS.
Answer : Of course. Edgar F. Codd, a researcher at IBM, developed a set of thirteen rules (numbered 0 to 12) to define the criteria for a database management system to be considered truly relational ( ... is no other way to interpret this request, and the system guarantees access to that specific data point....

List any four advantages of DBMS.
Answer : Of course. A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that allows users to create, maintain, and control access to a database. It serves as an interface between the user and the database, ... and then inform the second user that the seat is no longer available, preventing a double-booking....