Recent questions tagged sql

Write SQL command for following i)Create user ii) Grant privileges to user. Iii) Remove privileges from user.
Answer : Of course. Here are the SQL commands for creating a user, granting privileges, and removing privileges, along with explanations and examples. These commands fall under **DCL (Data Control Language)** and are ... ), but any attempt to `INSERT` a new row will result in a "permission denied" error....

List the SQL operations and explain range searching operations between and pattern matching operator ‘like’ with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a comprehensive overview of SQL operations, followed by a detailed explanation of the `BETWEEN` and `LIKE` operators with examples. --- ### List of SQL Operations (Categories) SQL ... alternative to using two separate comparisons with `AND` (e.g., `price >= 50 AND price ...

Explain exception handling in PL/SQL with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a comprehensive explanation of exception handling in PL/SQL, complete with its purpose, structure, types of exceptions, and a detailed, practical example. --- ### What is Exception Handling? **Exception Handling** is a powerful ... ------------------------------------ ```...

Explain PL/SQL block structure with the help of diagram.
Answer : Of course. Here is a detailed explanation of the PL/SQL block structure, complete with a diagram, a breakdown of its components, and a practical example. --- ### What is a ... exception. Control immediately jumps to the `EXCEPTION` section, and the corresponding error message is printed instead....

State any four PL/SQL data types.
Answer : Of course. PL/SQL supports a wide range of data types, which can be categorized into scalar, composite, reference, and large object (LOB) types. Here are four of the most common and fundamental scalar data types used in PL/SQL, ... eligible for a bonus.'); END IF; END; / ```...

Write a PL/SQL program which accepts the customer_ID from the user. If the enters an invalid ID then the exception invalid_id is raised using exception handling.
Answer : Of course. Here is a complete, runnable PL/SQL program that accomplishes this task. The solution includes: 1. Setup steps to create a sample `Customers` table. 2. The PL/SQL block that accepts user input and handles the ... --------------------------- PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. ```...

Write step by step syntax to create, open and close cursor in PL/SQL.
Answer : Of course. Here is a step-by-step guide to the syntax for creating, opening, fetching from, and closing a cursor in PL/SQL, complete with a full, practical example. --- ### Introduction: The Cursor Lifecycle Working ... END IF; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.'); END; / ```...

Draw the block structure of PL/SQL. List advantages of PL/SQL.
Answer : Of course. Here is a clear depiction of the PL/SQL block structure, followed by a list of its key advantages. --- ### The Block Structure of PL/SQL PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query ... calling application is written in Java, Python, or .NET, or is running on Windows, Linux, or macOS....

Explain function in PL/SQL with example.
Answer : Of course. Here is a detailed explanation of functions in PL/SQL, including their purpose, syntax, a complete example, and a comparison with procedures. --- ### What is a PL/SQL Function? A **PL/SQL ... in `SELECT`, `WHERE`, `HAVING` clauses. | **Cannot** be used directly in SQL statements. |...

Explain joins in SQL with examples.
Answer : Of course. Here is a comprehensive explanation of SQL `JOIN` clauses, complete with their purpose, syntax, visual analogies, and practical examples. --- ### What is a SQL JOIN? A **`JOIN`** clause in SQL is used to ** ... | 103 | | Charlie | 101 | | Charlie | 102 | | Charlie | 103 |...

What is SQL normalization, and why is it important in database design?